Arduino - Web Server (Mega 2560 R3 built-in ESP8266)

This tutorial goes over how to use the Mega 2560 R3 built-in ESP8266 and create a web server by flashing the onboard ESP8266 with AT firmware which only requires programming the ATmega2560. 📶

Supplies

• Mega 2560 R3 with built-in ESP8266

This board has a lot of spotty information circulating the internet. It is important to know that this board contains two chips and because of that requires uploading two different programs to each of the chips. The onboard ESP8266 has 4MiB of flash memory, and the ATmega2560 has 256kb. For my use cases, I wanted to take advantage of only having to upload my program to one chip. The way I accomplished this is by flashing the ESP8266 chip with AT firmware so that the ATmega2560 could communicate with it using the Mega2560+ESP8266 DIP switch configuration that provides access via the onboard Serial3 communication.

The board is sold by multiple sellers and schematics can be found for it here https://robotdyn.com/mega-wifi-r3-atmega2560-esp8266-flash-32mb-usb-ttl-ch340g-micro-usb.html

The following chart represents the DIP switch configurations that can be used on the board. I will post the specific configurations that are used in the sections below. These DIP switches are not very durable, as they fall apart if they are switched frequently.

Flashing AT firmware for onboard ESP8266

To flash the AT firmware, please ensure you have installed esptool. Running the following command should show connected devices to identify which device should be targeted with esptool.

ls /dev/tty.*
# /dev/tty.Bluetooth-Incoming-Port	/dev/tty.URT2
# /dev/tty.usbserial-1450	        /dev/tty.URT1

In order to flash the ESP8266 please ensure that you have the DIP switches in the follow locations.

If you have the mega2560 connected to power, please disconnected it and as you reconnect it back to power, please press the mode button. This procedure will make the ESP8266 goes into flashing mode.

Ensure that you download https://github.com/espressif/ESP8266_NONOS_SDK/releases/tag/version_3.0.4 and cd into the extracted folder. This contains the AT firmware version 1.7.4.0.

Ensure that if you have a serial monitor open for this device that you close it so that esptool can open up a connection with it.

esptool.py write_flash --flash_mode dio  --flash_size 2MB-c1 0x0 bin/boot_v1.7.bin 0x01000 bin/at/1024+1024/user1.2048.new.5.bin 0x1fb000 bin/blank.bin 0x1fc000 bin/esp_init_data_default_v08.bin 0xfe000 bin/blank.bin 0x1fe000 bin/blank.bin

After running the command above in the terminal, it should yield Hard resetting via RTS pin.... Once this is displayed in the terminal please disconnect the Arduino and set it to the following DIP switch configurations:

Opening up a serial monitor session with the device, you should see the following output when running the following commands:

1. AT (Tests the startup)
2. AT+GMR (Checks the version information)

For more commands that AT can respond to, please visit https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/4a-esp8266_at_instruction_set_en.pdf.

Creating Web Server

Now that we have the ESP8266 working with AT commands, we now only have to program mega2560 for future work. To program the mega2560, please set the following DIP switch configurations:

We will need to install the WiFiEspAT library to make communicating with AT commands easier.

For information on how to install the libraries above please visist https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/libraries.

Once you have done that, upload the following program through Arduino IDE. Please change NAME_OF_SSID and PASSWORD_OF_SSID to your network, you are currently connected to.

#include <WiFiEspAT.h>

WiFiServer server(80);

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial);

  Serial3.begin(115200);
  WiFi.init(Serial3);

  if (WiFi.status() == WL_NO_MODULE) {
    Serial.println("Communication with WiFi module failed!");
    // don't continue
    while (true);
  }

  WiFi.begin(NAME_OF_SSID, PASSWORD_OF_SSID);
  Serial.println("Waiting for connection to WiFi");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.print('.');
  }
  Serial.println();

  server.begin();

  IPAddress ip = WiFi.localIP();
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("Connected to WiFi network.");
  Serial.print("To access the server, enter \"http://");
  Serial.print(ip);
  Serial.println("/\" in web browser.");
}

void loop() {

  WiFiClient client = server.available();
  if (client) {
    IPAddress ip = client.remoteIP();
    Serial.print("new client ");
    Serial.println(ip);

    while (client.connected()) {
      if (client.available()) {
        String line = client.readStringUntil('\n');
        line.trim();
        Serial.println(line);

        // if you've gotten to the end of the HTTP header (the line is blank),
        // the http request has ended, so you can send a reply
        if (line.length() == 0) {
          // send a standard http response header
          client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
          client.println("Content-Type: text/html");
          client.println("Connection: close");  // the connection will be closed after completion of the response
          client.println("Refresh: 5");  // refresh the page automatically every 5 sec
          client.println();
          client.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML>");
          client.println("<html>");
          // output the value of analog input pins
          for (int analogChannel = 0; analogChannel < 4; analogChannel++) {
            int sensorReading = analogRead(analogChannel);
            client.print("analog input ");
            client.print(analogChannel);
            client.print(" is ");
            client.print(sensorReading);
            client.println("<br />");
          }
          client.println("</html>");
          client.flush();
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    // close the connection:
    client.stop();
    Serial.println("client disconnected");
  }
}

Once you have successfully uploaded the previous code to your mega2560, please set the DIP switches to the following positions.

Lastly, you need to set the RX and TX switch to the RXD3 and TXD3. Please look at the following image to see the final configuration.

As you can see the 3 and 4 pins are in the on position, this is needed to keep the Serial output passing to the USB so that the Serial Monitor would get printed values.

When navigating to the address provided in the Serial Monitor, for this specific example, it was 192.168.1.35 you should be met with the following output!

Reading Sensor Data

For a more in-depth example of how to combine all the pieces of this post, we can read in sensor data and output it to a webpage like the following:

This example requires a `gy-21p`. For more info about this sensor please see https://www.gabrielcsapo.com/arduino-gy-21p/.

Setup

We are utilizing the i2c ports in this example to interface with the gy-21p sensor. In the case of the mega2560, this is ports 20 and 21.

Code

We are using the following libraries for this example:

• Adafruit_BMP280
• WiFiEspAT

For information on how to install the libraries above please visist https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/libraries.

#define NAME_OF_SSID "x"
#define PASSWORD_OF_SSID  "x"

#include <Adafruit_BMP280.h>
#include <WiFiEspAT.h>

Adafruit_BMP280 bme;

WiFiServer server(80);

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial);

  if (!bme.begin(0x76)) // depending on the chip you have the i2c address is either 0x77 or 0x77
  {
    Serial.println("Could not find a valid BMP280 sensor, check wiring!");
    while (1);
  }

  Serial3.begin(115200);
  WiFi.init(Serial3);

  if (WiFi.status() == WL_NO_MODULE) {
    Serial.println("Communication with WiFi module failed!");
    // don't continue
    while (true);
  }

  WiFi.begin(NAME_OF_SSID, PASSWORD_OF_SSID);
  Serial.println("Waiting for connection to WiFi");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(1000);
    Serial.print('.');
  }
  Serial.println();

  server.begin();

  IPAddress ip = WiFi.localIP();
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("Connected to WiFi network.");
  Serial.print("To access the server, enter \"http://");
  Serial.print(ip);
  Serial.println("/\" in web browser.");
}

void loop() {
  float temp = (bme.readTemperature() * 1.8) + 32;
  float pressure = bme.readPressure();
  float altitude = bme.readAltitude(1010);

  WiFiClient client = server.available();
  
  if (client) {
    IPAddress ip = client.remoteIP();
    Serial.print("new client ");
    Serial.println(ip);

    while (client.connected()) {
      if (client.available()) {
        String line = client.readStringUntil('\n');
        line.trim();
        Serial.println(line);

        // if you've gotten to the end of the HTTP header (the line is blank),
        // the http request has ended, so you can send a reply
        if (line.length() == 0) {
          // send a standard http response header
          client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
          client.println("Content-Type: text/html");
          client.println("Connection: close");  // the connection will be closed after completion of the response
          client.println("Refresh: 5");  // refresh the page automatically every 5 sec
          client.println();
          client.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML>");
          client.println("<html>");
 
          client.print ("<h4>Tempature: ");
          client.print (temp);client.print("F");
          client.print("</h4>");
 
          client.print ("<h4>Pressure: ");
          client.print (pressure);
          client.print("</h4>");

          client.print ("<h4>Altitude: ");
          client.print (altitude);
          client.print("</h4>");
 
          client.println("</html>");
          client.flush();
          break;
        }
      }
    }

    // close the connection:
    client.stop();
    Serial.println("client disconnected");
  }
}

Please ensure you change the values for NAME_OF_SSID and PASSWORD_OF_SSID as these are required to connect to your local wifi.

Once you have uploaded the above sketch your Serial Monitor output should show an IP address to navigate to see the output of the gy-21p sensor data!

If you have any questions or want to see more examples in these articles, please comment below or create an issue at https://github.com/gabrielcsapo/gabrielcsapo.com.